The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms, Advances, and Clinical Applications.
L’essentiel
Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly recognized as systemic conditions arising from dynamic interactions within the gut-brain-immune network. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (MGBA) serves as a central regulatory system orchestrating neurodevelopment, neural homeostasis, and immune-metabolic balance. This review summarizes evidence across seven major neuropsychiatric disorders, Depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia, Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, demonstrating that dysregulation of the MGBA constitutes a shared pathological mechanism. On this common basis, we delineate disorder specific neurochemical and immunological features and highlight the clinical potential of microbiota-targeted interventions. Moreover, psychotropic medications profoundly alter microbial physiology, influencing bacterial growth and metabolism, thereby complicating interpretation of MGBA-disease relationships. Future research should define strain-specific therapeutic actions and integrate multi-omics approaches to unravel causal pathways, ultimately enabling precision microbiome modulation in neuropsychiatric medicine.
Synthèse détaillée
Résumé original
Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly recognized as systemic conditions arising from dynamic interactions within the gut-brain-immune network. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (MGBA) serves as a central regulatory system orchestrating neurodevelopment, neural homeostasis, and immune-metabolic balance. This review summarizes evidence across seven major neuropsychiatric disorders, Depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia, Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, demonstrating that dysregulation of the MGBA constitutes a shared pathological mechanism. On this common basis, we delineate disorder specific neurochemical and immunological features and highlight the clinical potential of microbiota-targeted interventions. Moreover, psychotropic medications profoundly alter microbial physiology, influencing bacterial growth and metabolism, thereby complicating interpretation of MGBA-disease relationships. Future research should define strain-specific therapeutic actions and integrate multi-omics approaches to unravel causal pathways, ultimately enabling precision microbiome modulation in neuropsychiatric medicine.